The Situation in France in the Enlightenment. The historian of the French Enlightenment has to take account of the reign of two kings; that of Louis XIV (1643–1715); and that of Louis XV (1715–1774). Together they cover…
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BERKELEY AND HUME
The Life and Writings of George Berkeley (1685–1753). In Bishop Berkeley we have the finest type of Irish mind. In his brilliant mental powers and idealistic theory he reminds us of that wonderful…
JOHN LOCKE
The Enlightenment in Great Britain. The history of the philosophy of Great Britain includes the teachings of Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and the Scottish School. With the exception of the teachings of the reactionary…
THE ENLIGHTENMENT (1690–1781)
The Emergence of the “New Man,”—Individualism. In passing to this period we should recall the two objects of interest that distinguish modern from mediæval thought: the “new man” of modern Europe; and the…
The Historical Place of Spinoza.
The Historical Place of Spinoza.29 Spinoza did not get full standing nor was he widely read, until Lessing, one hundred years later, resurrected his teaching and Goethe adopted it. He produced what the Renaissance…
THE RATIONALISM OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE
The Nature of Rationalism. Although the new science grew apace, it was not altogether a safe vocation. Natural science involves metaphysical questions at every point. The scientist at this time, therefore, found himself…
THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE (1600–1690)5
The Philosophers of the Natural Science Period. 1. Galileo, 1564–1641, and the group of scientists. 2. Bacon, 1561–1626. 3. Hobbes, 1588–1679. 4. The Rationalists. Descartes, 1596–1650. Spinoza, 1632–1677. Leibnitz, 1646–1716. Countries other than Italy and Germany…
THE HUMANISTIC PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE (1453–1600)
The Long List of Representatives of the Humanistic Period. There was a revival of scholasticism,—Paulus Barbus Socinas (d. 1494), Cajetan (d. 1534), Ferrariensis (d. 1528), Melchior Cano (d. 1560), Dominicus de Soto (d. 1560), Dominicus Banez (d. 1604), John of St. Thomas…
But a deeper insight into the Renaissance shows that its revolutionary
But a deeper insight into the Renaissance shows that its revolutionary, negative, and spectacular aspect is not its whole significance. No doubt a strong, universal, and well-centralized government and a unity of…
THE RENAISSANCE1 (1453–1690)
The General Character of the Renaissance. The causes that led to the decline of the society of the Middle Ages were of course the same that ushered in the period of the Renaissance,—the…